Impedance matching transformer



June 27, 1950 D. 0. ROGERS IMPEDANCE MATCHING TRANSFORMER Filed Nov. 11, 1944 Patented June 27, 195 9 111.13.5-

IMPEDANCE MATCH" TaANsiionMERf Douglas Cecil Roger's, London, England, assignor,

by mesne assignments, to International Standard Electric Corporation, New York, N. Y., a

corporation of. Delaware Application November 11, 1944, Serial No. 563,072 In Great-Britain December 1,1943

The present invention relates to an impedance I transforming arrangement adapted for use at ultra-high frequencies. 4

The principal object ofthe invention isto provide a convenient adjustable transformer for matching two non-reactive loads having any impedances. 7

Various types of adjustable matching arrangements are known adapted tolcouple two complex impedances. All such arrangements have at least two variable elements, and in many cases there are three, the adjustments being often interdependent. The device described in the presentspecification was designed for the case where both the impedances to be matched are non-reactive, and where it is of importance to provide a simple adjusting arrangement.

- According to the invention there is provided an electrical transforming arrangement comprisingafirst transmission line, a second transmission line having one end connected as a shunt to the first line, and means for simultaneously adjusting the position of the said shunt on the first line and the length of the said second line in such manner that when the first line is connected at one end to a non-reactive load having its admittance equalto the characteristic admittance of the said first line, the admittance measured at the other end of the said first line is always a pure conductance.

The invention also provides an electrical transforming arrangement comprising a first transmission line having a non-reactive load connected at one end, and a characteristic admittance equal to that of the said load, a second transmission line having one end bridged across the first line and short circuited at the other end, and means for simultaneously adjusting the bridging point on the first line and the length of the second line so as to satisfy the condition (2a) stated in this specification.

Alternatively, the second line is open at the end instead of short circuited, and condition (2b) is to be satisfied instead of condition (2a).

Theinvention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawing in which Fig.4 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram used to explain the principle of the invention, and Fig. 2 gives a perspective diagrammatic view of an embodiment. v

The principle of the invention will be understood irom Fig-l. Let GI and G2 be the conductances of the non-reactive loads or electrical devices which it is desired to couple together-by a transforming arrangement, j ABC-is a uniform 10 Claims. (ch ve-44y transmission line having branched across it at B a second uniform transmission line BD which may be either shortcircuited or open at D. Both these 'lines are assumed to :have' negligible resistance and noother sources of appreciablepower loss. The characteristic admittances of these-lines will then be pure conductances which will be chosento be GI for ABC and Ic.GI for ED where k is anumerical constant. Let PI be the propagation angle (product of the propa-- gation constant and the length)'= of the portion BC, and let P2 be'the propagation angle of 13D.

Assuming: that "theload GI is connected to the line ABC at the end A; then the admittance which would be measured 'at B if the portion BC were removed would be f v or g I g .G l(l+j.k. tanP2f) (1b) according as the end D i short circuited or open;

respectively.

r, The admittance measuredat C will be the ad mittanceof the portion BC oi the line ABC terminated at B by the admittance (1a) or (11 This admittance will in general be a complex quantity, but it can easilybefshown-that if then theadmittance measuredat-C has no susceptance component;-and the conductance component is equal to v H Gl -cot P1 in both cases.

It will be apparent, therefore that whatever be the value of G2, the angle PI can be chosen- 1;; By providing adjustments sothat the point canbe slid along line ABC and so that the length of BD can be changed, any load G2 can be,

matched to the load GI.

- If the two adjustments are connected by a chanical" linkage so that PI and P2 are -constrained to conform with condition (2a). or (212),;

then the necessary matching can beobtained by;

cotPZ Z. cot Zll "6221), for case slides on the conductor 2.

nected to the tube by means'of another sleeve lB-i The-conductor Iiis connected to theblock naseeomi transmissiondihe of characteristic-lin and it is only necessary to arrange so that the;

length of the line BD varies just twice as fast as the length of the portion B6, and'so" that two" angles vary in opposite directins-. The constantv angle which occurs in case (b) correspondslto: anxedf length of the line BD which willbe in circuit when Pl=0. While a mechanical linkage could;

generally be devised for any other value of it, it would clearly be far-less simple;

It-will be seen, therefore, thatin order to. coupletogether-any two non-reactive loads or electrical deyiceswithout loss, the transmission line ABC should-bechosen to have a characteristicadmittance equalto that of one of the loads; and the adjustmentsshould bemade to satisfy conditions (4*), and (2a) or.(2b). In a largev number of cases one ofthese loads will consist of apparatusof some k-ind whose admittance is-predetermined or. otherwise known, sothis will fix the admittance of;the-transmission line. This then enables the apparatus to be coupled to. any one of a number of; different loads, the adjustmentbeing made tor-suitaeach of themtindividually.

The uniform lines ABC and: 3]) can. take any convenient forms. For example, they could be simple pairs of parallel'wires, or'co-axial transmission lines. Fig.2 shows an example of a trans forming arrangement in accordance with the invention in which the transmission lines are. of the. latter type, and which includes a mechanical-an rangement for adjusting the transformation ratio by -a. single control, satisfying. condition x2e), in whichthevaluefZ .has been chosen for k.

The transmission line ABC. comprisesastraight horizontaltube l with a. central wire .or rod con-,- ductor '2' suitably insulated therefrom by means not-shown;

The transmission line BD comprises a pair oftelescoping tubes-3, 4 and 5, 6 arranged parallel to.1.the;.tube.-'I,' of which the portionsB and:5.-areflxedtoapanel 'I to: which thetube. :is: also fixed. The two tubes 3 and 5 are connectedby; a;short vertical tube 8 also'fixed to the panel 1. The pair of lines or tubes 3, 4 and I l with its telescoping. part constitutes one. telescoping sectionwandthe lines ,ortubesiS; 55 and- I2-.withits telescoping part constitutes a second telescoping section or a plurality of telescoping sections for the conductor or conductors of the shunt line.

Thetportions 4' andfB of the..telescoping tubes: are fixed to a movable or adjustable. metalblock- Stand the. tube 4 isconnected to thetubezl by thesyertical tubev HI... The block: flforms a. later-"- ally connecting-1 means." The tubes 3, 4 i 'and's'5g' 6 and 8 are provided with central conductors ll, l2, l3' as indicated; with appropriate telescoping arrangements.- The conductor H is con'nectedto the conductor 2 by a vertical conductor-I4 which passes through a longitudinal s1ot l5 =in thetube- I, andwhich terminates in a sleeve l 6' which The block 9 is -con= 9, which thus short-circuits the end of the line BD.

It will be seen that when the block 9 is slid longitudinally along the tube 1, it will vary the lengths BC and BB in opposite directions, BD being variedtwice as fast at BC, thus satisfying conditibnlZa). Any convenient mechanism, such as the screw arrangement indicated generally at I9, may be used for this purpose. It will be evidentthatthe load GI should be connected at A to the two conductors of the transmission line ABC, and the loadGZ'at C.

Substantially the same arrangement could be usedif theend D' of the transmission line BD were open. In this case the tube 6 and inner conductor. I21 could, for example, be continued open right thr'ough the block 9. The total length of BD would also have to be suitably chosen so that the desired constant is introduced according to condition (222).

It will be realised? that Fig. 2 is only. diagrammatic. anddoes not' show manyof the-details whichwould be-provided in any suitable way. to form a practical arrangement. It will bezevident also; that the: simultaneous a'djustment of the two' transmission. lines. couldbezcarr'ied out invarious other ways; employing differentatypestot mechanical linkage;

It will be understood; that the: loads G l r and Gil-i may represent any apparatus-such: as gen erators, receivers;transmission:linesuor: the: like?v having-non-reactive impedances which-' itimaybe desired-"to'couplertogether without loss;

What is-claimedsis:

11:. A transforming; arrangement for matching two. :n'o-n-reactive :electrical circuits icomprisir'ig asupport; a first transmission line" fixedly mounted on .said. support; aisecond-stransmission' liner having: at least one :telescoping; section, one part of said secondilin'e being fixedly mounted on. said support: and? one .end ofsi'said secon'd line being adjustably; connected across: saidrfirst transmission line;v and? a singlewcontrol .arranged! between said support andis'aid-rone endofzsaid second line fOIT' simultaneously: adjustir'iga at predetermined: relative rates: theilengthfof said second i:line":and the position of its connection: to SaidfirSt 1in83 2; 1A- transformingxarrangement for? matching two: :nomreactivezelectrical Lcircuitsi comprisingi a support,'a first tranSmiSsion line of characteristic impedance e'quivalent to .2 the impedance: of" one" ofsaidcircuits fiiredly mounted on said support, a second transmission line of characteristic ii n pedan'ce a constant multiple of th'atofsaid first transmission line having'a plurality of telescopin'g sections; onepart' o-f each 'of 'said sections being fixedly mounted on '=said supportand the fother" parts of all said seetions-being-mounted together, one of said other"parts-b'eing-=adjustablyconnected across said flrst transmission line; and a single mechanical control-arranged{between said support and: said other parts of said telescoping sections for simultaneously adjusting-' at predetermined relativerates the length of I saicl second line and the position of its connectionto said first liner 3. A transforming arrangement for matching two non-reactiveelectrical circuits "comprising a support; a first transmission lineof characteristid impedance equivalentto the impedance of one of-said*-circuits*fiiiedly mounted on said support;

pedance twice that of said first line having a pair of telescoping sections, one part of each of said sections being fixedly mounted on said support and the other parts thereof being mounted together, one end of one of said other parts of said telescoping sections being adjustably connected across said first transmission line, and a single mechanical control arranged between said support and said other parts of said telescoping section for simultaneously adjusting the length of said second line at a rate twice that of the adjustment of the position of it connection to said first line.

4. A transforming arrangement according to claim 3, wherein the end of said second line other than that connected to said first line is shortcircuited.

5. A transforming arrangement according to claim 3, wherein the end of said second line other than that connected to said first line is opencircuited.

6. A transforming arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the end of said second line other than that connected to said first line is shortcircuited.

7. A transforming arrangement according to claim 1 wherein the end of said second line other than that connected to said first line is opencircuited.

8. A transforming arrangement for matching two non-reactive electrical circuits comprising a first transmission line for coupling said circuits, said first line having a characteristic impedance equivalent to the impedance of one of said circuits, a second transmission line of characteristic impedance, a, constant multiple of that of said first line, said second line including a plurality of coaxial conductors mounted in parallel with said first line and each including a telescoping section of two parts and a first lateral connection connecting one part of each of said telescoping sections together for connecting said coaxial conductors in series, a second lateral connection movably connecting the other part of one of said telescoping sections to said first transmission line, a single mechanical control rigidly connected to the other part of the other of said telescoping sections and to said second lateral connection, and means for moving said control parallel to said conductors and said first transmission line for simultaneously adjusting at a predetermined relative rate the length of said second line and the distance of the connection of said one section of said second line to said first line from one end of said first line.

9. A transforming arrangement according to claim 8, further comprising a fixed mount, said first transmission line and said one part of each of said coaxial conductors being mounted thereon, said moving means being mounted between said single control and said fixed mount.

10. A transforming arrangement according to claim 8, wherein said second transmission line has a characteristic impedance twice that of said first line and there are only two of said coaxial conductors, whereby said length is adjusted at a rate twice that of said distance.

DOUGLAS CECIL ROGERS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,132,208 Dunmore Oct. 4, 1938 2,373,233 Dow et al Apr. 10, 1945 

